The Doctrine Of Reincarnation And The Theological Sense

Although it is impossible to know exactly when the doctrine of reincarnation originated at least, reincarnation in the theological sense, despite this there are notable figures who discuss metemphysochsis in their work, such as Plato who adopted the doctrine as an acceptable answer to existence. Under the doctrines of Metempsychosis, according to Plato, an individual s soul is able to choose their fate at rebirth, a sort of crude example of reincarnation prior to Hinduism. In simplistic terms, reincarnation in the buddhist religion can be explained as returning in the flesh until one s imperfections are wholly removed. The term reincarnation has much more spiritual connotations than that of rebirth. In the Buddhist doctrine of reincarnation, one s entity does outlive the body, however, an individual s personality is not sustained through death. An individual s soul continues on and adopts new characteristics as well as body, although experiences in the past life may influence the new personality (Hall, 1967). There is a few rare exception of individual s recalling their past lives, in a Buddhist s view, these individuals suffer from abrupt deaths, thus the entity will create a new personality without creating a new emotional and mental nature. Unlike Buddhism, the Hindu belief states that the soul survives and the subsequent lives and experiences will be determined by a karmic system, this is called Samsara. (Albecht, 1982, p. 29) Past Life Experiences It hasShow MoreRelatedNo Self, The Argument For And Against The Existence Of A Soul1323 Words   |  6 PagesNo self, the argument for and against the existence of a soul The sense of awareness is one that many take for granted, assuming only that what separates one from other individuals. From the age of approximately six to eight months, a child is able to identify him or herself in the mirror and distinguish from other individuals. This phenomenon, known as the mirror stage, signifies the separation of one from the rest of the world, allowing for further maturation and development to occur (Lacan)Read MoreBuddhism Is A Path Of Spiritual Development Essay1538 Words   |  7 Pagespeople within the group do not have the same beliefs as each other, and historically there is no sacred text used in the worship of the high Gods. On the other hand, Buddhism is more of a philosophy than a religion because it is facilitated by theological aspects, does not depend on a belief in a God, and does not mandate worship of a superhuman controlling power. One major aspect of Hinduism is that it does not have a founder and it does not have a defined beginning to when it started. HistoricallyRead MoreA Theological Account Of Death And Dying2501 Words   |  11 PagesCandidate No: 000648153 TMM2171 Christian Faith Ethical Living Essay Two Martha Grace Weatherill Christian Faith Ethics Essay Two Draft Word Count: 2680 How should a theological account of death and dying shape the morale debate concerning euthanasia The debate on whether it is moral to assist in suicide or euthanasia has been very strong and heated by both sides of the argument, this debate has not gone away although the bill for the arguments for assisted suicide and euthanasia was lostRead MoreHealthcare Faith and Healing1490 Words   |  6 Pagesis a doctrine that is used to by Christian adherents to encourage fortitude in fighting illness. But it may also sometimes serve the purpose of helping one accept and prepare for mortality. This is an orientation which is shared by the Sikh religion. Here, the concept of karma influences the manner in which adherents face their own mortality. According to QLD (2011), Sikhs are encouraged to accept death and illness as part of life and the will of God. Due to the Sikh belief in the doctrine of karmaRead MoreIn This 21St Century People Continue To Wonder What Their1965 Words   |  8 Pagesand then explain what I believe a Christian’s attitude toward death should be. I will al ign this understanding to the Biblical texts of eschatology and my theological reflection. Perhaps it is appropriate for me to begin by defining; what Eschatology really mean? Eschatology comes from the word ta eschata in Greek, which refer to the doctrine of the last things. Others see Eschatology as; the Day of the Lord; the last judgement; death; the state after death; the resurrection of the body; the kingdomRead MoreAnalysis of Worlds Major Religions: Terminologies, Values, and Implementation in Daily Life1704 Words   |  7 PagesTibetan and Zen Buddhism (followed widely in west; branch of Mahayana). Monks and nuns make up the Buddhist Sangha (Community) following different school of thoughts like NikÄ ya and vÄ da; only TheravÄ da is continues today. One of the other prevailing doctrines of Buddhism is MahÄ yana (Great Vehicle), originated in 100 BCE (Harvey, 1990). Teachings of Buddha Four Noble Truths: Following are the four noble truths: Dukkha: Suffering (pain, aging, death) exists Samudaya: Suffering is caused by cravingRead MoreHistorical and Ethnographical Study of the Rastafari Religion2398 Words   |  10 Pagesmake these people very interesting to listen to, and definitely assist in disseminating their belief structure throughout the world. In this paper I will briefly discuss their history, both ancient and modern, their belief structures, theological and material, and current and future trends in the movement today. Being the offspring of a revivalist religious movement in Jamaica in the 1930s, there is the obvious root tracing of the slave owners Christian religion and theRead More Nature in the Rastafarian Consciousness Essay example3436 Words   |  14 Pagesa great respect given to theGreat Book of Magical Arts, Hindu Magic and Indian Occultism (Bishton 105,1986.) The Rastafarians like the Hindus believe in a system of reincarnation . Rastas believe that from one birth to another the same spirit persists. Therefore, all the prophets from Jesus to Garvey to Selassie are in a sense the same. This belief is central to the understanding that they, as Africans in exile, are the chosen people- the Israelites of the old testament (Clarke 69,1986.) Dr. MansinghRead MoreCults and the Moral Decay of Society Essay2503 Words   |  11 Pagesfact that individuals who are involved in cults, deny that they are in cults . Instead, they believe that they have a spiritual organization that provides needs to the persons who desire them. Such needs include the answers to difficult questions, a sense of community, daily all-consuming activities, visions of a one world religion, demanding disciplines, a position for every person, a feeling of togetherness, and strong, strict leadership. Cult members generally believe that they are out for a higherRead MoreImportan ce of Intercultural Communication to Ist7702 Words   |  31 Pagesinstitutions. That is, at some point in your life you move from identities based on the I to identities linked to We. You begin to see yourself as part of a larger unit. At some point of time in early life, the childs I am! announces the birth of a sense of community. I am differentiates me from other individuals. We are makes me aware of the other dominant group (or groups) sharing the physical and cognitive space of my community. Kakar As you can see, this we identity connects the

Mormon Sub-Culture Free Essays

The Mormon can be understood by taking a critical review on their values institution norms and artic-facts [1].   According to the Mormon their value the importance of a family, the reverence of God as well as the appearance of the teaching as taught in the book of Mormons. To the Mormons all that seems important to them is their interconnectedness to God. We will write a custom essay sample on Mormon Sub-Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Mormons value the relationships they maintain with the outside world.   According to them, it is how well they relate with the outside world that will attract more converts to their belief. The norms of the Mormons are very different from that of the mainstream churches.   The Mormons dress and carry themselves around differently.   They have very high expectations of how the society should carry out their affairs. For instance the Mormons would not attend any other religious celebration apart from those strictly recommended for in their religion. According to the Mormons they have laws, which regulate their conduct and determine what is wrong and what is right.   In other words the culture of the Mormons significantly varies from that of other cultures.   According to the Mormons, material possessions and wealth is not very important but what matters is the relationship one has with God. The Mormons have some ideological settings as well as sociological settings that are different from those other cultures.   While the Mormons do not have strong attachment to material things, they have a single way of looking at things, which is different from other cultures.   They have some symbols, which they adore and hold dear to them. for instance, they have the symbol of the cross which they value for they see it as their link to their faith. The Mormons have their kind of music, which defines their belief in worship.   For instance, they do not advocate for the use of musical instruments for they hold that as a way of distracting the attention from worship.   They have their own legacy of commitment, which leads them to view service to God as very crucial. For instance, the Mormon culture calls for a special code of dress for the men, which is aimed at separating them from common cultures.   Their distinct behaviour and belief in the Book of Mormons is a clear attribution of their special sub-culture.   The Mormons do not ascribe to nationalism and they distance themselves from political affairs. According to Mormons the way one interacts with the surrounding world goes a long way in determining the kind and quality of life one is likely to lead. Mormons have a special way of treating members of other religious beliefs.   According to them, anyone can convert to Mormon despite their colour, sex or socio-economic status.  Ã‚   Mormon culture is therefore defined by their commitment to the religion, the distinct code of dressing, the distinct way of talking as well as the distinct manner of reaching out to others. Spirituality is given prominence in Mormonism while Mysticism is less emphasized[2].   Unlike other cultures, the Mormon culture is more spiritual oriented and this makes the life of a Mormon worshipper revolve around the temple, the home and the Mormon community[3].   According to the Mormons, there is nothing wrong with the way other people carry themselves differently but the question is, whether that conduct is in line with the preaching of the Book of Mormons. The Mormons hold the view that paganism is evil and there is no room for it.   Another interesting characteristic of the Mormon sub-culture is the place women are given in the religion. According to the Mormons, women should play a less important role in the running of the church.   Mormons is largely a male-dominated religion, which holds that man is superior to the woman. To the Mormons the woman’s place in the church is considered as that of offering support to enable the spread of their faith.   It therefore emerges that Mormons differ significantly from other mainstream churches in that they have not welcomed the emancipation of the woman.   The Mormons have succeeded in advancing their way of thinking and for centuries have stood up against pressure of influence and calls for the sub-culture to conform to conventional wisdom[4].   It therefore appears that the Mormons have been marginalized as a result of their commitment to adhere to their strict culture although this marginalization has taken the perspective of religious dimension. The Mormons have also been marginalized in terms of political representation as well as in the war against gender discrimination, partly because of their high advocacy for privacy and secrecy.   However, the Mormon sub-culture has some form of freedom of its own especially considering the fact that in the previous centuries it tended to advocate for polygamy, a kind of freedom unheard of in other mainstream religious cultures.   Their efforts to lead a distinct kind of life has earned them respect in some quarters although some critics view that as suppression of fundamental human rights. Therefore Mormon sub-culture is characterized by myth, values such as commitment to the faith of Mormon, ritualism especially in terms of the dressing code, emphasis on secrecy and privacy as well as strict call for every faithful to remain true to the faith upon conversion. Work Cited A. L   Mauss, 1984.   Sociological Perspectives on the Mormon Subculture.   Annual Review of Sociology 10.   pp 436-459 Brook, John. L. 1996. The Refiner’s Fire: The Making of Mormon Osmology, 1644-1844. Cambridge University Press. Pp 78-107 Daugherty, Doe Margaret, Toscono. 2002.   Body, Hearts and Passions: Representing the Divine Feminine in the Mormon Church. Sunstone Symposium Presentation Session, SLO2254. pp. 27 [1]Brook, John. L. 1996. The Refiner’s Fire: The Making of Mormon Osmology, 1644-1844. Cambridge University Press. Pp 78-107 [2] Daugherty, Doe Margaret, Toscono. 2002.   Body, Hearts and Passions: Representing the Divine Feminine in the Mormon Church. Sunstone Symposium Presentation Session,   SLO2254. pp. 27 [3] Brook, John. L. 1996. The Refiner’s Fire: The Making of Mormon Osmology, 1644-1844. Cambridge University Press. Pp 89 [4] A. L   Mauss, 1984.   Sociological Perspectives on the Mormon Subculture.   Annual Review of Sociology 10.   pp 436-459 How to cite Mormon Sub-Culture, Essay examples

Mining Excellence at Redmond Minerals free essay sample

The HR department now must attain and evaluate each employee contributions to the company on a scale relevant to their position. This is where a high performance work system comes in to play which creates the best possible fit between their employee social system and their equipment technical system. This function of having a high performance work system is based on the reliance of knowledge workers, the empowerment of employees to make decisions, and the use of team work. The HRM practice has to incorporate various measures to create outlets for performance management, training, work design, and compensation to demonstrate the importance for successful output. This in turn allows HRM to focus on the strategy of the company putting emphasis growth and efficiency; allowing the department to implement total quality management practices. Those practices consist of methods and processes that are designed to meet the needs of internal and external customers, every employee in the organization receives quality training, quality is designed into a product or service so that errors are prevented from occurring rather than being detected and corrected in an error-prone product or service, the organization promotes cooperation with vendors/suppliers/and customers to improve quality and hold costs down, and managers measure progress with feedback based on data. (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, Wright, 2009, p. 7) This practice is also parallel to the reengineering of the company new product focus plan, instead of focusing low costs and low prices the focus became concentrated on unique products which catered to a unique target market of consumers. This will prompt the HR department to help design and implement change so that all employees will be committed to the success of the reengineered organization. This may require additional training for the new restructuring of their new product line and will give everyone an opportunity to feel comfortable with the new way of operation. Suggestions for Internet Improvements At the organizational level, a successful Human Resources Development program prepares the individual to undertake a higher level of work, â€Å"organized learning over a given period of time, to provide the possibility of performance change† (Nadler 1984). In these settings, Human Resources Development is the framework that focuses on the organizations competencies at the first stage, training, and then developing the employee, through education, to satisfy the organizations long-term needs and the individuals’ career goals and employee value to their present and future employers. Human Resources Development can be defined simply as developing the most important section of any business its human resource by attaining or upgrading employee skills and attitudes at all levels to maximize enterprise effectiveness. The people within an organization are its human resource. Human Resources Development from a business perspective is not entirely focused on the individual’s growth and development, â€Å"development occurs to enhance the organizations value, not solely for individual improvement. Individual education and development is a tool and a means to an end, not the end goal itself†. (Elwood F. Holton II, James W. Trott Jr Journal of Vocational and Technical Education, Vol. 12, No. 2, p7). The broader concept of national and more strategic attention to the development of human resources is beginning to emerge as newly independent countries face strong competition for their skilled professionals and the accompanying brain-drain they experience. If I was tapped for the job of HR Specialist, three ideas that I would suggest in utilizing the internet for HRM would be to use a â€Å"human resource information system† which a computer system used to acquire, store, manipulate, analyze, retrieve, and distribute information related to an organizations human resource. I would also suggest an electronic human resource management application which allows employees to enroll and participate in training programs online, as well as elect benefits packages and read company news. Another aspect to include the technological aspect of HR would be for the basis of record keeping and information sharing. I would implement a â€Å"self service† which means employees have online access to info about HR such as training, compensation, and contracts. My ideas support Roberts’s ideas of running the company because he took on the responsibility of making his employees a priority. He understood the makeup of the niche company and the important resourced asset that will differentiate his product line from his competitors. His ability to be receptive to suggestions from his employees along with giving them the ability to be empowered in their position shows trust in his employees attributes that they will positively add to the success of the company. By creating an open growth focused atmosphere it will stimulate productivity and allow creative ideas to be a foundation for present and future employees to stand on. Willingness to Change From the reading the original owners felt that empowering their employees as a risky move so their stockholding shares were sold to Robert. I believe that Robert’s strategy prompted change and realizing that in order to accomplish goals of the company that his people must be in the forefront. People are your most important asset, because technology, products, and structures can be copied by competitors. No one can match highly charged motivated people that care about the operation of your business and talented creative human capital is the prime ingredient for organizational success. Before within the company it appeared as if the employees under previous management were overworked and underappreciated which caused for lack of growth and stagnated direction overall. By understanding the attitudes of your employees and presenting an atmosphere that is conclusive to the strengthening of a positive work related environment your customers will ultimately reap the benefits and will be the basis for customer retention. The more top management wants an internal commitment from its employees, the more it must involve employees in defining work objectives, specifying how to achieve them and how they will be rewarded and recognized once attained. Reference Noe, R. , Hollenbeck, J. , Gerhart, B. , Wright, P. (2009). Trends in Human Resource Management. In J. Weimeister (Ed. ), Fundamentals of Human Resource Management (p. 36). New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Investigating the Power of a Diverging Lens Essay Example

Investigating the Power of a Diverging Lens Essay Aim: To find the power of a given diverging lens by using a pre-selected converging lens. Outline: The power of two lenses placed together in line to an object will allow both of their powers to add together. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigating the Power of a Diverging Lens specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Investigating the Power of a Diverging Lens specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Investigating the Power of a Diverging Lens specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer P1 + P2 = Ptotal Therefore, by using a combination of 2 lenses, one of which the power is known, I can find the focal length of the combination of lenses and then calculate the total power. The power of the converging lens can be subtracted from the total power to find the power of the diverging lens. Variables: Independent: Object distance Dependent: Image distance Control: Object size and shape, power of both lenses, material of both lenses In my pre-tests, I have found that I obtain a reasonable range of results using a converging lens of 10 Dioptres that is larger than the power of the diverging lens therefore giving reasonable results. Method: 1. Set up apparatus as shown in diagram. 2. Adhere the unknown diverging lens to the known, pre-selected converging lens with plasticine ensuring that the plasticine does not interfere with the light i.e. the plasticine does not cover the main central portion of the lenses. 3. Fix the lenses on to the stand with plasticine, making sure that they are perpendicular to the ground therefore the light that falls upon the light will be in line with the normal at the centre of the lenses. 4. Use a piece of card with a triangular hole in it with mesh stuck over the top to be used as the object, one, to block out most of the light to prevent shadows forming, two, it discern whether the image was formed inverted or not, three, the mesh helps me judge when the image is at its clearest. 5. The light, object, lens stand, lens and screen will be arranged in a straight line and kept in a straight line, so that there wont be any undue error caused in the measuring of object and image distances from the centre of the lens, parallel to the metre ruler used to measure the distances. 6. The object distance can then be varied to give difference image distances from which the power of the combined lenses can be calculated. 7. The screen will be held perpendicular to the table to ensure that the measuring is accurate and the image will be formed properly. 8. There will be a range of distances from the lens, which the image will be judged as to being clear and this range will be recorded. 9. Repeat experiment with at least 6 difference object distances 10. Carefully repeat all measurements 11. Use the results to plot a graph to find the power of the combined lenses. Safety: Having considered the safety aspects of the experiment, I am confident that normal safety procedures are adequate and there is no particular danger in this experiment apart from the fact that the light could heat up to rather high temperatures. The electrical equipment should also be handled with more care because of the possible electrical hazard. Uncertainties and Errors Extensive pre-testing proves that the following are likely sources of uncertainty and error. 1. Uncertainties in measurements Length. The metre ruler is accurate to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.001 metres, however, the range over which the image is clear vary around à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.020 metres this value may change as clarity of the image may change with distance. A range can be measured, but those upper and lower boundaries will also be affected by the error in measurement by the ruler therefore if the range is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.020 metres, the range including measurement errors is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.021 metres. 2. Errors in the Experiment Distance between lenses and the thin lens formula. Errors will occur because the light will converge inside the space between the two lenses, therefore the focal distance will be incorrect. If the light converges between the lenses, then the light that hits the second lens will have converged and therefore the focal length will change, as shown in the diagram, Large Gap Small Gap There must always be a space between them, because they are not one lens the only possibility is that if both their curvatures were equal, then their powers would cancel out (the converging lens has a positive power, diverging has same power, but negative) and then the light emitted would be parallel, therefore no image will be formed at any point and the power cannot be calculated. Also, the thin lens formula is only an approximate model to finding the power of thin lenses, this is because the formula applies 100% accurate only to a infinitely thin lens, but because all lenses will have a certain thickness, the formula can only give a good approximation. The thinner the lens, the better the approximation given by the formula. Errors in judgement of which position creates the clearest image is the probably the most significant error in the entire investigation because there may be a range of positions where the image appears to be clear. Therefore a range of values will be taken as the position for the maximum clarity of an image thereby reducing the error that could be involved and also means, graphically, that a best fit line can be drawn within the error bars that fit the hypothesis. Analysis After collecting all the results, I can plot the range of values of each different object distance with their corresponding image distance. To draw this graph and obtain a linear relationship, I can rearrange the thin lens formula to the linear graph form y = mx + c where y and x are variables, m is the gradient of the line and c is the y-intercept. Where and but, because the formula can also be arranged thus, That means that will be both the y-intercept and the x-intercept, therefore giving a graph like this, where both intercepts are equal to the power (Power = reciprocal of focal length, P = f-1) I will also include error analysis, which is shown here with a set of pre-test data using a converging lens of 10 dioptres, TABLE 1 Object Distance (m) Minimum Length for Clarity (m) Maximum Length for Clarity (m) Mean Length for Clarity (m) Subsequent Power of Diverging Lens (D) Error in measurement (m) 0.550 0.660 0.700 0.680 -6.71 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.001 0.500 0.750 0.790 0.770 -6.70 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.001 0.450 0.830 0.870 0.850 -6.60 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.001 0.400 0.930 0.970 0.950 -6.45 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.001 0.350 2.230 2.270 2.250 -6.69 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.001 Then the error in the object, image minimum, image maximum and image mean length will be à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.001 but because the lengths are made into reciprocals, their errors become neither absolute nor percentage, therefore to calculate it, the maximum and minimum values must be used, so there will be 2 more columns where the error is added to the values, TABLE 2 Absolute Minimum Length for Clarity (m) Absolute Maximum Length for Clarity (m) 0.659 0.701 0.749 0.791 0.829 0.871 0.929 0.971 2.229 2.271 If the values themselves are used to calculate the power of the diverging lens mathematically, it would be as such, including Table 1 TABLE 3 Lower Boundary Power (D) Upper Boundary Power (D) Mean Power (D) Error of Mean Power (D) -6.670 -6.750 -6.710 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.040 -6.670 -6.700 -6.685 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.015 -6.570 -6.620 -6.595 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.025 -6.420 -6.460 -6.440 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.020 -6.690 -6.700 -6.695 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.005 Average -6.625 à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.021 Therefore the power of the diverging lens is -6.625 dioptres with an error of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ 0.021. The graph can be drawn including these errors, and it makes it possible to draw a graph with a linear relationship where the x and y intercepts are equal within the range of the error of the results to find the correct power of the diverging lens. See graph of pre-test results. From the graph, the intercepts are at 3.3 D, therefore the resultant power of the combined lenses is 3.3 D. The pre-selected lens is 10 D, therefore, 10 + d = 3.3 ? d = 3.3 10 ? d = -6.7 D So, the power of the diverging lens is -6.7 dioptres.

10 Description Essay Topics on Business Communication

10 Description Essay Topics on Business Communication If you are tasked with writing an essay on business communication, you must substantiate all of your claims with facts. Below are some interesting facts that might suit your writing purposes: Business communication is a unique offshoot of regular communication, even though the processes in each and the guiding principles for both are the same. The key difference lies in the situation in which they are applicable. General communication can be used in many situations around the world while business communication deals solely with business activities. There are two types of business activities. The first is internal and the second is external. Internal business activities include the improvement and maintenance of employee morale, the provision of orders to employees, the prescription of methods and business procedures, the announcement of organizational changes and policies, as well as updates for management. External business activities relate to the sale and requisition of goods and services, reports to shareholders, and the creation of favorable workplace environments. In both external and internal business activities the purpose of business communication is to secure action by the person who is receiving the communication. When a business person sends a message to someone else they expect that person to do something upon receipt of the message. This might be the approval of an action, the sending of information, the placing of an order, or any other action. In order to make sure that this happens business communication must rely upon unique language which is direct and concise. The language used for business communication must draw attention, develop conviction, induce action, create desire, or arouse interest. Business communication is typically applied to business documents. Business documents have to meet certain standards so that they are internationally recognized. There are two types of business documents including internal and external. Internal documents are those which circulate inside of a specific organization and often include proposals, memos and reports. External documents are those which circulate outside of an organization. These include reports, letters, and proposals. Some external documents might also include information disclosed to customers, clients, stockholders, media, and customers. Business communication is critical to the success of any organization no matter the size or location of the business. Business communication is part of the external image a company produces. Good business practices help companies achieve their objectives internally and externally through good business communication. In order to survive continual change processes and global environment businesses must change the structure and delivery of communication processes. Global environment for businesses must consider communication issues against a backdrop of technology, ethical concerns, culture, competition, and legal concerns. There are four basic elements to communication. The first is the sender. The second is the receiver. The third is the message. The fourth is the medium used for communication. Communication is therefore defined as the manner through which messages are conveyed to others through a proper and professional Channel.  There are different channels used to convey business communication. The decision to use a specific channel and by extension a specific medium is determined by the purpose of the communication, the ability of the encoder to use that medium, and the effect of the medium to deliver the message. When senders transmit messages a response is expected. Within professional communication responses are generally expected within 24 hours and in some cases within 48 hours during the Monday through Friday work week. If companies specifically state that their departments such as customer service are open on the weekend this response time may extend to weekends as well as weekdays. In any case the response received can be favorable, unfavorable, immediate, or deferred. When writing business communication feedback is essential. Feedback informs the sender that the message was received and the purpose of the message was for filled. Proper feedback in the form of a prompt response issues both parties that active listening is taking place. In many cases among modern communication a deplorable trend has emerged whereby recipients of communication opted not to read the entirety of the message and instead simply gloss over the content picking up a few key details. When this happens the feedback provided reflects upon this laziness. This happens regularly in areas such as customer service or when questions are posed to business policies. When a specific question is asked and the recipient fails to read the question in its entirety it results in the recipient responding inappropriately. The recipient might respond with the wrong answer to a question due to the fact that they read the question incorrectly. Things like this are happening more and more frequen tly within the business community as business communication fades into the backdrop of the online world. Effective business communication revolves around a clear purpose. Just like academic writing, business communication requires planning. The purpose must be planned out prior to writing. Effective communication requires that all people involved in the purpose have a shared responsibility. No matter the level within the company, everyone involved in a single communication is working toward a common goal which means that everyone has a share of the communication process. The needs of the receiver must be kept in mind when communicating in a business fashion. Active listening is an important way to show that both sides are assuming their shared responsibility and review the questions and content in their entirety. Active listening is one of the key elements of modern business communication which is starting to fade away, resulting in miscommunications regularly. Another key aspects related to effective business communication is the control of emotions. Communication and a business settin g requires the ultimate level of professionalism which means that everyone must be motivated to work toward shared goals and doing this means controlling emotions. Part of controlling emotions revolves around politeness. The tone of a communication within the business place is based on the choice of language and it will influence the reaction that the receiver feels. These facts are great, aren’t they? We hope they will suit your paper. Don’t forget to check our 20 topics on business communication for a description essay as well as description essay guide for one of these topics. References: Alred, Gerald J., Charles T. Brusaw, and Walter E. Oliu.  The business writers handbook. Macmillan, 2011. BoveÃŒ e, Courtland L, and John V Thill.  Business Communication Today. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 2000. Print. BoveÃŒ e, Courtland L, John V Thill, and Barbara E Schatzman.  Business Communication Essentials. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 2004. Print. Bruckmann, Clive, and Peter Hartley.  Business Communication. Hoboken: Taylor Francis, 2001. Print. Carver, B.E. Business CommunicationIndividualized: -A Different Approach-.  Business Communication Quarterly  37.3 (1974): 22-24. Web. Gopal, Namita.  Business Communication. New Delhi: New Age International, 2009. Print. Guffey, Mary Ellen, and Dana Loewy.  Essentials Of Business Communication. Mason, OH: South-Western/Cengage Learning, 2010. Print. Guffey, Mary Ellen.  Business Communication. Cincinnati: South-Western College Pub., 2000. Print. OHair, Dan, Hannah Rubenstein, and Rob Stewart.  A Pocket Guide to Public Speaking: A PDF-style e-book. Macmillan Higher Education, 2012. Williams, Joseph M., and Joseph Bizup.  Style: The Basics. Longman, 2015.

Williams Name Meaning and Origin

Williams Name Meaning and Origin The common Welsh patronymic last name Williams has several possible origins: Son or descendant of Guillemin, a pet form of Guillaume, the French form of William.From the Belgic guild-helm, meaning harnessed with a gilded helmet or  welhelm, the shield or defense of many.Derived from the given name William, an Old French given name with Germanic elements: wil desire, will and helm helmet, protection. In Wales, adding an s to the end of a surname denotes son of, pointing to Wales as the origin of many people with the Williams surname. The Williams surname is also popular in countries such as England, Scotland and Germany. Williams is the third most popular surname in the United States, Great Britain and Australia. Williams Name Origin:  English, Welsh Alternate Surname Spellings:  WILLIAM, WILLIMON, WILLIMAN, WILLIAMSON, WILCOX, MACWILLIAMS, MCWILLIAMS, WILLIHELM, WILLELM Fun Facts About the Williams Surname The last man killed in the U.S. Civil War was Private John J. Williams of the 34th Indiana Volunteer Infantry. He was killed in the battle of Palmetto Ranch, Texas, on May 13, 1865, a month after Lees surrender. Famous People with the Surname Williams? Thomas Lanier Tennessee Williams - American playwright who won the Pulitzer Prize for Drama for A Streetcar Named Desire (1948) and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1955).Hiram Hank Williams - American country music legend, credited with pioneering honky tonk.Robin Williams - American comedian and actorRoger Williams - Founder of Rhode Island Genealogy Resources for the Surname Williams 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? Common English Surnames Their MeaningsWilliams is the 3rd most popular surname in Great Britain. Most Common Australian Surnames Their MeaningsWilliams is 3rd on this list of the most commonly occurring surnames in Australia, which includes details on each names origin and meaning. Williams Family Crest - Its Not What You ThinkContrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Williams family crest or coat of arms for the Williams surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted. Williams DNA ProjectThe Williams DNA project has over 535 participants making it the 2nd largest surname DNA project in the world. The Web site includes Williams records from around the world as well. Descendants of William WilliamsA genealogy of the descendants of William Williams (1778-1857) from Pittsylvania County, Virginia. FamilySearch - Williams GenealogyExplore over 29 million historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Williams surname and its variations on the free FamilySearch website, hosted by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Williams Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts a free mailing list for researchers of the Taft surname. Post a query about your own Taft ancestors, or search or browse the mailing list archives. DistantCousin.com - Williams Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Williams. Sources Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Current Events and U.S. Diplomacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Current Events and U.S. Diplomacy - Essay Example This was strongly resented by the US. Since the end of the cold war, the relationship between US and Russia unlike in the past has become rosy. The Americans have softened their earlier unrelenting positions and has since become tolerable to the Russians. The policy was dubbed decorative policy and it has made the Americans to drastically change their perceived aggression on Russia to a very cooperative and much philanthropic (Aronson 2001). With regard to these, US have entered into many economic ties with Russia and this has even accentuated the belief that there are cordial relations in the offing. Putin is largely acclaimed to be at the helm of all the gains achieved so far. It is obvious that the relation between US and Russia has grown notches higher since the end of the cold war. Cold war almost led to the fall out between the two countries and these has since been corrected and normalcy is achieved. From the Bush administration to Obama’s, the relationship between the two countries has improved remarkably. For instance, in the Afghanistan case, the US and Russia have joined efforts in finding a lasting solution (Cameron 2005). The US relation with Cuba under the leadership of Fidel Castro for along time has not been admirable, the US initiated economic sanction in Cuba and this has retarded economic gains in the country significantly. There have been constant allegations emanating from both countries against conspiracies (Smith 2008). For example, the assassination of the American president J.F. Kennedy was hinted to have been master minded by the Cuban president, on the other hand the Cuban president claims to have dogged eight times murder initiated by the US. All other countries for along time had at least loose ties with the Cuba economically except the US that has remained defiant in making and signing economic pacts with the Cuba (Smith 2008). In as much as that has happened, US in the year 2000 partially lifted travelling restrictions.

Individual reflective report on business plan Essay

Individual reflective report on business plan - Essay Example The business plan was to be graded according to a rubric; thus, this rubric was considered to be a tool aimed at facilitating the consistency in grading assignment (Martinez, Wells, Peterson, Hannigan, & Stevenson, 2008, 19). Therefore, we took the rubric as the criteria of working on the business plan in order to ensure that it met expected level of quality for the purpose of grading. There were a lot of things that I learnt in the experience from this team work; for instance, I learnt that the team assignment is divided to be assigned to members. I also came to lean than the team leader ensures that member is assigned to the section that they are comfortable with. This was by letting the members decide the section that they were to tackle. I also learnt that there should be a separate section of compiling, editing, proofreading, revising, and submitting (Martinez, Wells, Peterson, Hannigan, & Stevenson, 2008, 19). There was to be one of our members who were to concentrate on this s ection, hence, this was facilitating the covering of all the section of the business plan and work to be credited appropriately. I also learnt the importance of setting dates for checking on the progress with the other members. We used online workspace for updating one another on various tasks of the projects. This helped us to maintain the cohesiveness of the team and ensure that everyone is still doing what was expected. I also learnt that there is the importance in setting the dates for submitting the drafts and the final work for each team member. We also used the time frame for gathering the feedback and ideas from the members before the business plan was finally compiled together. We also ensured that we had enough time for proofreading the business plan before submitting. 2. Process of Idea Initiation: Ideas initiation process began with a stage where members were oriented to the task of coming up with a business plan in a way that created awareness regarding objectives of th e team. Member held a discussion, which was focused on the scope of the task and the approach to undertaking the task (Belbin, 2012, 1). Proceeding to the next stage in the process, members were expected to present their ideas regarding any form of a business plan. In fact, this stage required members to be engaged into a brainstorming session, whereby all the ideas from members were acknowledged. Moreover, they were expected to bend their feeling and attitudes in order to deal with the task that was to be undertaken by the team (Belbin, 2012, 1). On the other hand, members were offered a chance to gather reasonable information regarding any company’s employees, partners, associates, and customers. Nevertheless, during this stage I gained understanding of the performance stage, whereby team members are offered a chance to develop their capacity and interdependence, social skills, and personal relations (Belbin, 2012, 1). Furthermore, this session facilitated development of ab ility to convey ideas and it also assisted the members of the team to acknowledge each member’s contribution. On the other hand, coming up with the business idea required extensive research in the internet in order to gather relevant information; in fact, this facilitated completion of this business plan. This stage gave me the skills to be able to finding journals articles, books, and websites that could provide the relevant information for the research (Martinez, Wells, Peterson, Hannigan, & Stevenson,

Irish Persecution by England Essay Example for Free

Irish Persecution by England Essay Anti-Irish sentiment (also known as Hibernophobia, from Hibernia, the Latin name for Ireland) is traditionally rooted in the medieval period. The first British involvement in Ireland began in 1169, when Anglo-Norman troops arrived at Bannow Bay in County Wexford. During the next half millenium, successive English rulers attempted to colonize the island, pitching battles to increase their holdings – moves that sparked periodic rebellions by the Irish. When did this happen? – The English persecution of Ireland began in the 1800’s with the Act of Union which put Ireland officially under the rule of London. It has continued up until present day but persecution has decreased extremely over the past 300 years. Were any specific groups targeted? – Yes, Catholic Irish were strongly persecuted by English Protestants, which continues into present day. North Ireland seceded but was subject to much violence and was eventually forced back under British control, and still is the center of most of the heated debates of today. How were they persecuted? – Irish people were discriminated against and even murdered by English people. One of the most infamous acts came in 1972, when British paratroopers opened fire on a group of Catholic demonstrators and killed 14 people. The Penal Laws were considered to be the first form of official apartheid issued in the world, dividing and targeting people by their religion. All those not of the Anglican/Lutheran faith including not only Catholics but also Jews, Presbyterians and other types of Protestants were denied rights in relation to property ownership, political participation, and university education. Prohibition on mixed marriages on the basis of religious and racial grounds led to many rallies and riots by the Irish against the discrimination and prejudice they faced. How does this affect people today? Ethnic relations in the Republic of Ireland are relatively peaceful, given the uniformity of national culture, but Irish Travellers have often been the victims of prejudice. In Northern Ireland the level of ethnic conflict, which is inextricably linked to the provinces divergence of religion, nationalism, and ethnic identity, is high, and has been since the outbreak of political violence in 1969. Since 1994 there has been a shaky and intermittent cease-fire among the paramilitary groups in Northern Ireland. The 1998 Good Friday agreement is the most recent accord. What happened to cause it? – The English invasion sparked a lot of anti-English sentiment and led to constant fighting between the two groups. Also, the English exerted complete control and did not help the Irish during the Great Famine between 1845 and 1852, which caused riots and sparked other prejudiced movements and laws. Were there any significant figures in this? English King William III asserted complete control over the Irish in 1691. Eamon de Valera was the leader of the Sinn Fein, a political party which advocated Irish independence. He was almost executed for participating in an uprising in Dublin. Michael Collins was the leader of the IRA (the Irish Republican Army) who fought against the British for the Government of Ireland Act in 1920. Bringing the IRA fight into the international spotlight was Bobby Sands, an IRA member who died while on a hunger strike in a Belfast prison to protest his status as a common prisoner, rather than a political one.

Schizophrenia :: essays research papers

One of the major disorders in the psychology field is schizophrenia, a serious brain disorder. It is a disease that makes it difficult for a person to tell the difference between real and unreal experiences. The word traces back to Greek terms for â€Å"split† and for â€Å"mental functions.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are two different types of schizophrenia. One is reactive schizophrenia, which is characterized by the symptoms that are sudden and easily identified. The second type is called process schizophrenia, which develops gradually over a person’s life. The cause of schizophrenia is so puzzling even experts sometimes don’t know what causes the disease. One possible cause for schizophrenia is from heredity. The disease can be passed down from one generation to another. Some researchers also state that it might be caused from the events in a person’s life. The dopamine hypothesis states that schizophrenia may be caused by an excess of certain neurotransmitters in the brain. There are so many possibilities of how schizophrenia is developed that’s why it makes it so impossible to come up with one answer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A person who has schizophrenia experiences schizophrenia goes through speech disorder, the person will talk and make no sense but will use proper grammar and sentence structure. They also go through hallucinations and delusions, which the person hears voices that, convey instructions about what to think, feel, and do. For example, my uncle suffers from schizophrenia. During the day he will just stare at the sun. When someone asks him why he is staring at the sun he will say, â€Å"They tell me to stare at the sun. It will give you power.† He thinks he is normal but he isn’t. People with schizophrenia don’t realize they have a brain disease. They think they are normal like others around them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There is no cure for schizophrenia today, but proper treatment can usually control the symptoms of schizophrenia.

Discuss the View That Children Always Suffer When Both Parents Work Essay

As more and more parents try to work at the same time, problem arises: Do their children suffer when both of them don’t have enough time to take care of their children? It seems depends much more on the children, especially their attitudes towards this issue. Children will probably suffer a lot when they are young (below 12 years old) and both parents are at work. This is because they are not old enough to take care of themselves. They need their parents’ support, both mentally and physically. If parents neglect the growth of their children, it is quite possible that their children will get some bad habits from outside (eg, friends, medium), as they are not mature enough to distinguish right and wrong. And they need their parents’ consistent guidance to help them to be the best person they can be. Adolescent will suffer if they are not that self-controlled and both parents work. They can easily run wild when both parents don’t pay much attention about them. Their academic results may be adversely affected. Also, lots of problems will arise, such as skipping school, teen pregnancy and smoking. When both parents work, they may not have enough time take care of their children. And it seems that there is a gap between them and their children as they don’t have enough time to interact with their children. They may not take action in time when their children have misbehaved. And these may be reflected in poorer academic performance by the children, less attention given to their children’s health problem and higher rate of behavior problems of their children. However, if the children are well self-controlled and quite positive about the fact that both of their parents work, it seems to be a good chance for them to become more independent. Children at times will need to learn to do things on their own so it will not be a difficult task for them when they reach adulthood. As they may have already learnt lots of important skills (eg: cooking, self-sufficiency), which they have to learn when they become adults. It also leaves their children a space for them to develop independently when both parents work. To support the family is probably the main reason why both parents work. Actually children are benefited from this. When both parents are employed, they are able to earn more money to raise their children and support the family. They can provide a better living surrounding and a better education environment for their children. Of course, children will suffer when both parents work as they may not get enough care from their parents. However, at the same time, they will also benefit in other aspects, such as better education environment and healthcare system. Compared the gain and loses, I think children will lose more than what they have gained. Who wants to live without their parents when they are young, even though they know it maybe for their own good?

The Return: Shadow Souls Chapter 24

Dear Diary, It's the night before the night of our first party – or rather gala. But I don't feel very gala. I miss Stefan too much. I've been brooding about Matt, too. How he walked away, so angry at me, not even looking back. He didn't understand how I could†¦care for†¦Damon, and yet still love Stefan so much that it felt as if my heart was breaking. Elena put down the pen and stared at her diary dully. The heartbreak manifested itself in actual physical pains in her chest that would have frightened her if she hadn't been sure of what it really was. She missed Stefan so desperately that she could hardly eat, could barely sleep. He was like a part of her mind that was constantly on fire, like a phantom limb that would never go away. Not even writing in her diary would help tonight. All she could write about were painfully tantalizing memories of the good times she and Stefan had shared together. How good it had been when she could just turn her head and know that she would see him – what a privilege that had been! And now it was gone, and in its place was racking confusion, guilt, and anxiety. What was happening to him, right now, when she no longer had the privilege of turning her head and seeing him? Were they†¦hurting him? Oh, God, if only†¦ If only I had made him lock all the windows to his room at the boardinghouse†¦ If only I had been more suspicious of Damon†¦ If only I had guessed he had something on his mind that last night†¦ If only†¦if only†¦ It became a pounding refrain in time to her heart. She found herself breathing in sobs, her eyes tightly shut, clutching the rhythm to her and clenching her fists. If I keep feeling this way – if I let it crush me enough – I'll become an infinitesimal point in space. I'll be crushed into nothingness – and even that will be better than needing him so much. Elena lifted up her head†¦and stared down at her head, resting on her diary. She gasped. Once more her first reaction was to imagine death. And then, slowly, because she was stupefied by so many tears, she realized that she'd done it again. She was out of her body. This time she wasn't even aware of a conscious decision about where to go. She was flying, so fast that she couldn't tell which way she was going. It was as if she were being pulled, as if she were the tail of a comet that was rapidly shooting downward. At one point she realized with familiar horror that she was passing through things, and then she was veering as if she were the end of the whip in a game of Crack the Whip and then she was catapulted into Stefan's cell. She was still sobbing as she landed in the cell, unsure of whether she had solid form or gravity, and uncaring for the moment. The only thing she had time to see was Stefan, very thin but smiling in his sleep and then she was dumped onto him, into him, and still crying as she bounced, as lightly as a feather, and Stefan woke. â€Å"Oh, can't you let me sleep for a few minutes in peace?† Stefan snapped, and added a couple of Italian words that Elena had never had reason to hear before. Elena had an immediate fit of the Bonnies, sobbing so hard that she couldn't listen to – couldn't even hear – any comfort that was on offer. They were doing horrible things to him, and they were using her image, Elena's, to do them. It was all too awful. They were conditioning Stefan to hate her. She hated herself. Everyone in the whole world hated her – â€Å"Elena! Elena, don't cry, love!† Dully, Elena lifted herself up, getting a brief anatomical view of Stefan's chest before she was sobbing again, trying to wipe her nose on Stefan's prison uniform, which looked as if it could only be improved by anything she might do to it. She couldn't, of course; just as she couldn't feel the arm that was trying to encircle her gently. She hadn't brought her body with her. But she had, somehow, brought her tears, and a cold, cable-wire-tough voice inside herself said, Don't waste them, idiot! Use those tears. If you're going to sob, sob over his face or his hands. And, by the way, everyone hates you. Even Matt hates you, and Matt likes everybody, the tiny cruel, productive voice went on and Elena gave way to a fresh gale of sobbing, absently noting the effect of each teardrop. Each drop turned the white skin under it pink and the color spread in ripples outward, as if Stefan were a pool, and she was resting on him, water on water. Except that her tears were falling so fast that it looked like a rainstorm on Wickery Pond. And that only made her think about the time that Matt had fallen into the pond, trying to rescue a little girl who had fallen through the ice, and how Matt hated her now. â€Å"Don't, oh don't; don't, lovely love,† Stefan begged, so sincerely that anyone would have believed he meant it. But how could he? Elena knew what she must look like, face swollen and blotched by tears: no â€Å"lovely love† here! And he'd have to be mad to want her to stop crying: the teardrops were giving him new life wherever they touched his skin – and perhaps the storm inside him had done best, because his telepathic voice was strong and sure. Elena, forgive me – oh, God, just give me one moment with her! Just a single moment! I can bear anything then, even the true death. Just one moment to touch her! And perhaps God did look down for a moment in pity. Elena's lips were hovering over, quivering over, Stefan's, as if she could somehow steal a kiss like this as she used to when he was still asleep. But for just an instant it seemed to Elena that she felt warm flesh below hers and the flick of Stefan's lashes against her eyelids as his eyes flew open in surprise. Instantly they both froze, eyes wide open, neither of them foolish enough to move in the slightest. But Elena couldn't help herself, as the flush of warmth from Stefan's lips sent a flush of warmth through her entire body. She melted into the kiss, and, while keeping her body carefully in the same position, felt her gaze go unfocused and her eyelids close. As her lashes swept against something with substance, the moment swept quietly to an end. Elena had two choices: she could shriek and rail telepathically at Il Signore for only giving them what Stefan had asked for, or she could gather her courage and smile and maybe comfort Stefan. Her better nature won out and when Stefan opened his eyes, she was leaning over him, pretending to be resting on her elbows and his chest, and smiling at him as she tried to straighten out her hair. Relieved, Stefan smiled back at her. It was as if he could bear anything, as long as she was unhurt. â€Å"Now, Damon would have been practical,† she teased him. â€Å"He would have kept me crying, because in the end, his health would be the most important thing. And he'd have prayed for†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She paused and finally began laughing, which made Stefan smile. â€Å"I have no idea,† Elena said finally. â€Å"I don't think Damon prays.† â€Å"Probably not,† Stefan said. â€Å"When we were young – and human – the town priest walked with a cane that he seemed to enjoy using on young delinquent boys more than as a source of support.† Elena thought of the delicate child chained to the huge and heavy boulder of secrets. Was religion one of the things locked away, put behind doors closed one after another in secret there, like a chambered nautilus until almost everything he cared about was inside? She didn't ask that of Stefan. Instead, she said, lowering her â€Å"voice† to the tiniest telepathic whisper, the barest disturbance of neurons in Stefan's receptive brain: What other practical things can you think of that Damon might have thought of? Things relating to a jailbreak? â€Å"Well†¦for a jailbreak? The first thing I can think of is for you to know your way around the city. I was brought here blindfolded but since they don't have the power to take the curse off vampires and make them human, I still had all my senses. I'd say it's a city about the size of New York and Los Angeles combined.† â€Å"Big city,† Elena noted, taking notes in her head. â€Å"But fortunately the only bits that would interest us are in the southwestern section. The city's supposed to be ruled by the Guardians – but they're from the Other Side and the demons and vampires here long ago realized that people were more afraid of them than the Guardians. It's set up now with about twelve to fifteen feudal castles or estates, and each of those estates has control of a considerable amount of land outside the city. They grow their own unique products and sell them in deals made here. For instance, it's the vampires who cultivate Clarion Loess Black Magic.† â€Å"I see,† said Elena, who had no idea what he was talking about, except the Black Magic wine. â€Å"But all we really need to know is how to get to the Shi no Shi – your prison.† â€Å"That's true. Well, the easiest way would be to find the kitsune sector. The Shi no Shi is a cluster of buildings, with the largest one – the one without a top, although it's curved, and you may not be able to tell from the ground – â€Å" â€Å"The one that looks like a coliseum?† Elena interrupted eagerly. â€Å"I get a sort of bird's-eye view of the city whenever I come here.† â€Å"Well, the thing that looks like a coliseum is a coliseum.† Stefan smiled. He really smiled; he's feeling well enough to smile, now, Elena rejoiced, but silently. â€Å"So to get you in and out, we just head from below the coliseum to the gate back to our world,† Elena said. â€Å"But to get you free there are – some things we need to collect – and those are probably going to be in different parts of the city.† She tried to remember if she had ever described the twin fox key to Stefan or not. It was probably better not to do it if she hadn't already done it. â€Å"Then I'd hire a native guide,† Stefan said immediately. â€Å"I don't really know anything about the city, except what the guards tell me – and I'm not sure if I would trust them. But the little people – the ordinary ones – will probably know the things you want to know.† â€Å"That's a good idea,† Elena said. She drew invisible designs with a transparent finger on his chest. â€Å"I think Damon really plans to do everything he can to help us.† â€Å"I honor him for coming,† Stefan said, as if he were thinking things out. â€Å"He's keeping his promise, isn't he?† Elena nodded. Deep, deep in her consciousness floated the thoughts: His word to me that he would take care of you. His word to you that he would take care of me. Damon always keeps his word. â€Å"Stefan,† she said, again in the innermost recesses of his mind, where she could share information – she hoped – in secret, â€Å"you should have seen him, really. When I did Wings of Redemption and every bad thing that had hardened him or made him cruel came undone. And when I did Wings of Purification and all the stone covering his soul came away in chunks†¦. I don't think you could imagine how he was. He was so perfect – and so new. And later when he cried†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Elena could feel inside Stefan three layers of emotion succeed one another almost instantaneously. Disbelief that Damon could cry, despite all that Elena had been telling him. Then, belief and astonishment as he absorbed her pictures and her memories. And finally, the need to console her as she stared at a Damon forever trapped in penitence. A Damon that would never exist again. â€Å"He saved you,† whispered Elena, â€Å"but he wouldn't save himself. He wouldn't even bargain with Shinichi and Misao. He just let them take all his memories of that time.† â€Å"Maybe it hurt too much.† â€Å"Yes,† said Elena, deliberately lowering her barriers so that Stefan could feel the hurt that the new and perfect creature she'd created had felt upon learning that he had committed acts of cruelty and treachery that – well, that would make the strongest soul flinch. â€Å"Stefan? I think he must feel very lonely.† â€Å"Yes, angel. I think you're right.† This time Elena thought a good deal longer before venturing, â€Å"Stefan? I'm not sure he understands what it's like to be loved.† And while he thought out his response, she was on tenterhooks. Then he said very softly, very slowly again, â€Å"Yes, angel. I think you're right.† Oh, she did love him. He always understood. And he was always most brave and gallant and trusting just when she needed him to be. â€Å"Stefan? Can I stay again tonight?† â€Å"Is it nighttime, lovely love? You can stay – unless They come to take me somewhere.† All at once Stefan was very solemn, holding her gaze. â€Å"But if They come – you'll promise me to leave then, won't you?† Elena looked straight into his green eyes and said, â€Å"If that's what you want, I'll promise.† â€Å"Elena? Do you†¦do you keep your promises or not?† Suddenly, he sounded very sleepy, but the right kind of sleepy, not worn out, but someone who has been refreshed and is being lulled into a perfect slumber. â€Å"I keep them close to me,† Elena whispered. But I keep you closer, she thought. If someone came to hurt him, they would find out what a bodiless opponent could do. For instance, what if she just reached inside their bodies and managed to make contact for an instant? Long enough to squeeze a heart between her pretty white fingers? That would be something. â€Å"I love you, Elena. I'm so glad†¦we kissed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"It's not the last time! You'll see! I swear it!† She dropped new healing tears down on him. Stefan just smiled gently. And then he was asleep. In the morning Elena woke up in her grand bedroom in Lady Ulma's house, alone. But she had another memory, like a pressed rose, to put away in its own special place inside her. And somewhere, deep in her heart, she knew that these memories might be all she had of Stefan someday. She could imagine that these sweet-scented, fragile mementoes would be something to hold on to and cherish – if Stefan never came home.

Health Care Reform and Incentive for Physician Practice

Health Care Reform and Incentive for Physician Practice In recent years the integration of insurance companies and health service delivery organizations has led to radical change in the health care market. The attempt by these organizations to lower costs of health care by redistributing risk throughout the demand of the market has led to considerable changes for the suppliers in this markets, the physicians. To understand the dynamics of this affect on physicians, we must, first, understand the specifics of exactly what types of reform have taken place. The emergence of Health Maintenance Organizations, HMOs, has led to a major part of the reform in the health care market. These organizations serve to provide patients(health care consumers) with health care insurance and the service of medical care. In these types of organizations physicians are considered employees of the HMO, and are paid by a borne plan. This is to say that for each patient cared for, a physician receives a fixed quantity of money. This is dramatically different from the traditional fee-for-service (FFS) plan where physicians receive payment based on the amount and difficulty of work performed on a given patient(Folland, 93.). From these statements about managed care and traditional health care, we can see the bodywork for a disincentive for a physician to supply labor under an HMO type situation. Thro! ugh an expectation of a salary decrease, a quota to treat more patients in the same amount of time used in traditional care, and an increased possibility of legal suits correlated to the way in which health care is administered in a managed care model, we can see a major disincentive for upcoming physicians to work. The changing of a price model in modern health care has considerably lowered expected earnings of practicing physicians. Those physicians that participate in HMOs receive a flat rate on each patient treated. This is to ...

Four simple tricks for new years resolutions that stick

Four simple tricks for new years resolutions that stick Four simple tricks for resolutions that stick Its that time again. A new year, a (seemingly) new beginning and a brand new chance to do everything a bit better. Clean slates are always appealing, and the turning of one year into another is as good a prompt as any to make a change – especially since it comes preloaded with tradition. Yet, as we all know, those early pledges to eat better, exercise more or spend less so often slip by mid-January, or even sooner. And the same is true at work. You may have aspirations to climb the career ladder, learn new skills, improve your communication, win more bids or achieve higher levels of customer satisfaction. So, how can you ensure that your work-related good intentions become a catalyst for real and lasting change, to make your business objectives for 2017 a reality? 1. You need to actually want it It sounds ridiculously obvious, but its so important. We often pick resolutions because we think we should behave a different way, or they may even be based on what someone else wants from us. But internal motivation tends to trump external: if your heart isnt really in achieving a goal, youre unlikely to succeed. 2. You need to be SMART Every project managers favourite mnemonic for goal setting is a great fit here too. So make your resolutions specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound. Many resolutions fail because theyre too big and too vague: be more productive is a fine aim, but what does that actually look like in your daily life? Break down lofty ambitions into small, specific actions youll take, including when, where and how youll do each – and how youll track it. Introduce one and build up: willpower is a limited resource, so dont spend it all at once. 3. You need to harness the power of habit Were all walking bundles of habits, amassed over a lifetime. Good or bad, they have become so ingrained theyre automatic. Like our willpower, our daily ability to make decisions is limited, and your mind will seek ways to cut down the number it must make. Once something is habitual, doing it no longer requires a decision – hence the power habit has over us. You can harness this tendency in a positive way with something New York University professor Peter Gollwitzer terms if-then planning. This just means lodging in your head a cue (the if) for the new behaviour you want to establish (the then). For example, if you have a report deadline on Friday, then thats your cue to start the structure of your report on Monday at 9.30am. Your mind will look for the prompt, and has to make only a little effort when it arrives, as the decisions been made. 4. You have to just do it Have you ever said to yourself something like, ‘I don’t have time to learn new skills with my current workload’? Or perhaps you’ve put off starting that online course because trying to get a grip on something you can’t do yet can feel pretty uncomfortable in the early stages. (I know I have.) One of the key killers of new year’s resolutions – or any decision to change – is procrastination. Its built in to the practice: we generally commit ourselves to these new ways when the actual moment of action is safely in the distance. At that point, it feels good. Were pleased with our pledge, and the fact that we dont have to act on it yet. When were faced with following through, that high is often long gone. So just expect that. And vow that even if it feels less than pleasant, then youll do it anyway. Once youve done it just a few times, youre already on the way to forming a new pattern. You might even like it. And if you still cant shake the Ill-just-start-it-tomorrow habit, try to take an objective look at why youre procrastinating. For instance, if its starting a report that youre putting off, whats behind that? Perhaps its fear of it not being perfect. (Heres a gentle insider tip: it wont be. But thats OK.) Or maybe its because you dont yet have all the information you need. In that case, make finding that information your first task, rather than actually writing anything. Of course, thats another example of breaking down overwhelming and broad tasks into small, manageable sub-tasks. Happy new career Back to the new you of 2017 then. If you have a career-related resolution like winning a promotion, making more of an impact with your business writing, or just not putting work off to the last minute, remember to break it down into smaller, specific steps. And if you need a bit of inspiration, here are some more resources to give you some help. Download our free, comprehensive guide to writing any business document. Try this technique when you really want your documents to make more impact. When you want to improve your quality control, make finishing writing your cue for this habit. Discover a specific way to enliven your documents and email, with ready-made if-then planning. Adopt these practices when you really want to take back control of your day. Improve your at-work communication and relationships by making these signs your cue to step away from email and pick up the phone. Tackle the big reason many new years resolutions fail (and generally stop wasting your valuable time). Gain confidence in your writing and invest in improving everything you write at work in specific, measurable, achievable, relevant regular actions with our online training, Emphasis 360. And get the first month at a third of the usual price here. If improving your writing at work is one of your objectives for 2017, see our business-writing courses for companies or for individuals for our range of options. You can also call us on +44 (0)1273 732 888 for a chat with one of our friendly learning advisers. Image credit: TanyaRozhnovskaya / Shutterstock

Opening Exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Opening Exercise - Essay Example The guesser will have to think creatively to pinpoint the word and concepts written on the paper. If a certain concept or word is unclear, team members can either research for clarification or better yet, ask the teacher to help explain and clarify the word or concept. Still, the participants are learning. The restrategizing aspect of the game will teach the players about their lapse in their communication techniques and from their mistakes apply remedial measures to improve performance just like in an organization. They could also learn from the other team. Each teams will also learn how to communicate properly so that they could guess the word and concept given the limited feedback of â€Å"YES, NO or COULD BE†. This would make the players appreciate how susceptible people are to miscommunication. The process will also teach the students the value of clear communication in an organization realizing the difficulty of guessing concepts and ideas when handicapped by less than ideal situations such as having noise in communication, not having all the information needed, and not clearly transmitted thoughts. The game can be applied to any subject. Only the words can be changed to suit the need of a particular subject. The game can also be made more challenging by letting the opposing team write the words that their opponents will have to guess. Of course they would naturally make the concept more difficult for other team to guess pushing the learning process to extend to more complicated concepts that would entice the students to study more to win the game without them realizing that they are already studying the

Rails to Trails Program Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rails to Trails Program - Research Paper Example As a function of this particular level of analysis, the author will discuss five of the sea goals/accomplishments that Rails to Trails has elaborated on within its 2011 annual report. By engaging in a summary and objective analysis of these goals and competence, it is the hoped that the reader can come to a more appreciable understanding of detailed victories and further goals that program necessarily engenders. Secondly, as a means of determining the effectiveness of the entity in question, the analysis will also engage with an analysis and discussion of whether media coverage of the group has been on the whole either positive, negative, or neutral. Likewise, by leveraging an understanding of the internal accomplishments and goals that the group seeks to affect as well as understanding the likely level to which societal shareholders have engaged with the group via the media, it will be able for the analysts to calm to a more clear and definitive understanding of whether or Not the m acro and micro scheme that the group seeks to affect has a likelihood of general success. It can and should be understood that a broad and overarching goal that Rails to Trails has sought to affect is with regards to the level and extent to which the entity and its stakeholders continually seek to engage key members of Congress. This is done so that awareness within the minds of the legislatures can be created and key responses made with regards to proposed legislation and potential cuts (Hannan 44). In this manner, it can be understood by the reader that one of the primary goals with which Rails to Trails seeks to engage is with regards to the current economic environment; the environment in which the clear and present need for economic cuts places the life blood of Rails to Trails at a distinct risk. Accordingly, one of the greatest, judgments that was detailed within the annual report 2011 was with regards to the general success which was achieved at keeping the Federal Transport ation Fund available to both highways and trails. Movements and interest by key legislators to remove trails and walking paths into the general fund of the Federal Transportation Fund; whereas before these programs that always enjoyed a degree of safety from the competition that the general fund would necessarily imply. Secondary item of success and a compliment is with regards to the way in which Rails to Trails engaged with Representative Mica. This was done in something of an expert manner due to the fact that Representative Mica only recently became the head of the Transportation Infrastructure Program; a powerful body that was able to decide what expenditures or cuts would be made to key government programs (Fisher 10). Due to the fact that Representative Mica was a Republican, it would’ve been easy for the organization to merely seeks to combat him rather than co-opt him. However, a resounding success was able to be realized when stakeholders from Representative Micaâ⠂¬â„¢s home district were able to begin passing several resolutions. These resolutions had the impact of encouraging Representative Mica to consider his view upon funding cuts and ultimately support the Rails to Trails Program. Another means by which a level of success was able to be realized was with regards to the partnership with the Campaign for Active Transportation (CAT). As a means of providing a unified voice and engaging with other stakeholders to maximize the combines impact upon legislation and potential cuts looming on the horizon, this particular engagement was extraordinarily helpful to achieving these goals (Hearne 118). Yet another compliment is with regards to the bipartisan support that Rails to Trails was able to

Paper converters Ltd Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 1

Paper converters Ltd - Essay Example The relevant research should focus on the potential existence of cultural differences across the organization. These differences, if they are major, can set barriers to the growth of the organization. Current paper focuses on the post merger challenges of a British firm, Paper Converters Ltd. The firm was created after the merger of two firms that was based on different culture: a) in the first of these firms, Dyson Paper Ltd particular emphasis has been given on structure and control, b) in the second firm, Jones Sales Agents Ltd, team-working was rather valued. The implications of cultural differences for mergers are reviewed in this paper. ... report The report has been developed in order to provide to the leaders of Paper Converters Ltd a series of recommendations for managing effectively the post merger effects and for reduce risks in regard to their firm further expansion. At the same time, the report shows the value of culture for joint ventures both at national and international level. Background of company Paper Converters Ltd established in 1988, as a result of a merger between the following firms: Dyson Paper Ltd and Jones Sales Agents Ltd. From its established up to 1993, i.e. for about 5 years, the two firms had kept their independency, operating in their pre-merger offices: Dyson Paper Ltd in Corby and Jones Sales Agents Ltd in Stevenage. The need for increasing the level of their production led the two firms to integrate their operations. The firms’ leaders identified a building that could be used as the head office of Paper Converters Ltd. Shortly conflicts appeared in the workplace. Employees of each f irm had worked under different culture and could not understand or tolerate the behavior of their colleagues. The leaders of the two firms tried as possible to eliminate these conflicts but with no particular success. The culture-related challenges for Paper Converters Ltd were continued during the firm’s internationalization. Dyson and Jones, the leaders of the firm, thought that by expanding in a developing region, such as central Africa, would help their organization to increase its profitability. After entering Zambia the firm’s leaders had to face another problem: Zambian staff was reluctant to follow the organizational rules on a series of issues, such as ‘the authority of expenditure, the appointment of senior managers, the terms of approval of payments and so on’ (case study,

Employee Relations within TESCO plc

Employee Relations within TESCO plc Table of Contents Introduction Task 1 1.1. Compare the three main learning styles of the HRD theory and apply them in relation to the company outlined in the shaping your future. 1.2. Explain the role of the learning curve and the importance of the transferring learning to the workplace in TESCO. 1.3. Assess the contribution of the learning styles and theories when planning and designing the learning event for the TESCO. Task 2 2.1. Compare the training needs for the staff at the different levels in the organization. 2.2. Assess the advantages and the disadvantages of both on job and off job training methods used in an organization. 2.3. Use a systematic approach to plan training and development for five of your staff working at various levels in the organization outlined in the shaping your future. Task 3 3.1 3.2. Using suitable techniques prepare and carry out a training event in an organization outlined in the â€Å"shaping your future† section, identifying the following: Who should evaluate the training? What should be evaluated? When should evaluation take place? Why do we need an evaluation? 3.3. As the company director, explain what are the various models of evaluation that could be used to review the success of the evaluation methods. Task4 4.1. Explain how the UK government has encouraged training, development and lifelong learning over the past years in the NEET sector. 4.2. Explain how the development of the competency movement has impact on the public and the private sectors of the country. 4.3. Analyze how contemporary training initiatives introduced in the UK government has contributed to the HRD policy of the organization identified in the shaping your future? Conclusion References Introduction This project is all about the employees relations with the organization TESCO, Plc. It is the responsibility of the company to assess the skills and the knowledge of their employees and helps them in achieving their goals. The company arranges the various training programs for their employees. TESCO is the multinational grocery merchandise company in the United Kingdom. It founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen and known as the third largest company as a retailer from its profits. Task 1 1.1. Compare the three main learning styles of the HRD theory and apply them in relation to the company outlined in the shaping your future. Honey Mumford defines the three main learning styles of the Human Resource Development related to the company TESCO Plc, UK. 1. Activist: In this learning style, various discussions held in the employees group, abilities handling the problems and qualities of learning tasks are use for performing the various functions held in the TESCO. The team members follow the above styles at the time of facing new environment and the challenge like introduction of the new grocery product by the company or initiate any new offer to the consumers. 2. Reflectors: This style reflects the jobs of operations of the employees of the company TESCO. One can use this for evaluating their own operations by considering the feedback through colleagues and the consumers. Feedback can review to make the performance better (Argyris and Schon,1997). 3. Theorists: Employees those are following the particular learning style first goes through the task completely and does the proper analysis. After analyzing all the pros and cons then reach to the conclusion and take some relevant decision. 4. Pragmatists: A proper planning requires solving any of the problems occur inside the company TESCO Plc. The employees accepts new challenges and adapts new surroundings with proper adjustments but does the perfect planning before performing for the operations to get them complete. 1.2. Explain the role of the learning curve and the importance of the transferring learning to the workplace in TESCO. A learning curve is the representation in the graphs that shows the development by following the continuous techniques by the TESCO, Plc. Through this curve, the company can achieve its goal in the new surroundings of the job. Experience can enhance the knowledge and the skills but the new techniques use by the company only for facing the new challenges and meet new targets. Continuous assessment can improve the skills of the employees. The importance of transferring the learning to the TESCO, Plc is all about the expectations of the company, innovation and the planning of the career made by all employees. It is the essential tool for the workforce to enhance the wide scope of the opportunities within the company (Doorewaard and Benschop, 2003). Various training events organized by the TESCO for improving the skills of the staff members. It increases the employee’s ability. It gives the chance to the management to evaluate the knowledge of the employees and remove any flaws if there. 1.3. Assess the contribution of the learning styles and theories when planning and designing the learning event for the TESCO. The theories of learning help in understanding the factors of the company TESCO, plc and about the workforces. Learning event is organizes by the company for the employees to meet their company goals. Acquisition of theories state about the structures, types of the learning and its implementations that how knowledge is relevant directly. The company faces the new challenges because of the new structure and the values of the TESCO, Plc. They select the particular learning theory and the style after consider the changes, improvements and the scope of the accountability. An appropriate event designs by the employer for the better results by showing the great impact on the employee’s performance. Task 2 2.1. Compare the training needs for the staff at the different levels in the organization. The company should give the family atmosphere to the employees for motivating them. Requirement varies at the different level of the staff members. Needs of training at the different levels in the TESCO, Plc are. Management Level Leadership quality, taking decisions, Developing skills Consumer Level Manages all queries and complaints by giving solutions. Workshops for the qualitative consumer service. Operation Level Advice for improving the performance and review them of the managers to improve their efficiency and gives them motivation. In the company TESCO, Plc Managerial staff acts as the trainers and counsel their team members in increasing their skills. Employees at the various levels grow as per their accountability of job activities and circumstances (Budhwar, 2000). 2.2. Assess the advantages and the disadvantages of both on job and off job training methods used in an organization. TESCO conducts various training events for their employees for bringing the changes in their working areas. Managers give proper coaching to their team for making their career. The on job and the off job training methods are- 2.3. Use a systematic approach to plan training and development for five of your staff working at various levels in the organization outlined in the shaping your future. A training system organizes by the company where management plays a participative role along with their employees. They recognize the employee’s problems and provide them the various solutions. The solution is first assess and then implemented. Training Method: The top management will collect own conclusions. All employees called for participating in the problem solving session. Time allotted and discussion held among the employees. All employees provide the different solutions to the particular problem as per their own thinking skills (Farquharson and Baum , 2002). The management will evaluate their solutions and make judgment. Both managers and employees participate equally in bringing the change in the environment of the TESCO and for making the best corrections. (Source: Own) Task 3 3.1 3.2. Using suitable techniques prepare and carry out a training event in an organization outlined in the â€Å"shaping your future† section, identifying the following: Who should evaluate the training? The people at managerial level and the management arranges the training events foe their employees for evaluating their skills and their working effectiveness. What should be evaluated? Skills, working behavior of the employees evaluate by the management and then the management gets aware about their needs for the training. When should evaluation take place? Evaluation of the employees done by the management should takes place at regular interval in various forms. It is done by judging the job operational activities performs by the employees and helps them in concluding their behavior and knowledge that shows that whether they require any training or not (Walker James, 2001). Why do we need an evaluation? It shows the responsibility of the employees those are taking the training and assess their skills and the knowledge that reflects their improvement area. 3.3. As the company director, explain what are the various models of evaluation that could be used to review the success of the evaluation methods. The various models use for evaluation that helps in reviewing the success of the evaluation method are- Kirk Patric model, CITO model, ROI model. These models evaluates the impact of the training so that it may improve in the future if requires. The four levels involves in the Kirk Patric model are Reaction, Learning, Behavior and Results. At the time of training operation, managers give the problems to the employees and observe the activities involves in such circumstances. Reaction shows by the trainees (Redman and Wilkinson, 2001). It clears that how well they have attain the training and useful for them. Learning measures reveals what employees as trainees have learnt from the training events and that impact on their behavior. Various outcomes of the business operations show the results of the training. It shows that whether the training events are beneficial for the trainees or not. Task4 4.1. Explain how the UK government has encouraged training, development and lifelong learning over the past years in the NEET sector. The United Kingdom’s government plays an important role in providing the training to the human resources of both the public and the private sectors. As the biggest retail grocery stores, TESCO contributes to the economy of the UK at its maximum. The development of the skills and the efficiency of the employees devote more in the economy of the country (Moon, 1999). The government arranges the various programs for the employees for their self-lifelong learning process. 4.2. Explain how the development of the competency movement has impact on the public and the private sectors of the country. The competency movement leaves the impact on both the public and the private sectors of the country. It compels the other company and considers their job operations of their own. Both the sectors involves equally in increasing the economy of the country. Nobody wants the environment of the competition that slows down their pace towards the success (Liao, 2005). It evaluates the company TESCO and suggest it various measures in the form of training programs to improve the performance. Audit of the company plays the major role here in assessing the business operations of the company. The competent movement maintains the friendly environment to encourage workers for their highest sincerity. Competitive circumstances give more opportunities to the companies to learn more from their personal experiences. 4.3. Analyze how contemporary training initiatives introduced in the UK government has contributed to the HRD policy of the organization identified in the shaping your future? Training programs arranges by the organization TESCO itself for its employees brings the new change for the company and devotes the major portion in enhancing the economy of the country. It improves the working surroundings of the TESCO Plc that moves towards the development. The company can easily face the competitive environment. An acceptance of the contemporary initiatives of training are relate with the decision making as per the structure of the company (Montagu ,1999). Conclusion The success of the training programs does not depend on the levy of the employees but it arranges for analyzing their abilities employed in the company. TESCO is the retail distributor/ merchandiser in the UK performing all its operations in the wide market of the country. Their main strength is the personnel soul presumes the goals of the company at the high rate than never before. They helps in analyzing the environment provide to the consumers by the employees. Various styles are opt by the employees in handling different problems arouse in an organization and the skills of the employees are improve by these training events only. It makes the employees capable enough to face every type of problem and solve them effectively on the base of their improved skills. As a result, the company enhances their business, earns more revenues and helps in enhancing the economy of the United Kingdom. References Argyris .C and Schon. D ,1997. â€Å"Organizational Learning: a theory in action perspective†. New York: Addison-Wesley. Budhwar. P, 2000. â€Å"Evaluating levels of strategic integration and devolvement of human resource management in the UK† , Personnel Review. Vol. 29 Issue 2. pp.141-157 Doorewaard. H and Benschop .Y, 2003. â€Å"HRM and organizational change: an emotional endeavor†. Journal of Organizational Change Management. Vol. 16 Issue 3. pp.272- 286 Farquharson. L and Baum .T, 2002. â€Å"Enacting organisational change programmes: a centre stage role for HRM?†. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. Vol. 14 Issue 5. pp.243-250 Liao. Y, 2005. â€Å"Business strategy and performance: the role of human resource management control†, Personnel Review, Vol. 34 Issue 3. pp.294-309. Montagu. A ,1999. â€Å"Race and IQ† (Expanded Edition). New York. Oxford University Press. Moon. J, 1999. â€Å"Reflection in Learning and Professional Development†: theory and practice. London. Kogan Page 0-7494-2864-3. Redman. T and Wilkinson. A, 2001. â€Å"Contemporary Human Resource Management – Text and Cases†. Prentice Hall. Walker, James. W, 2001. â€Å"Perspectives; Emerging Trends and issues in Human Resource Development and Implementation†. Human Resource Planning. March 13. IGNOU, School of Management.